As Hurricane Helene approached Florida, it grew from a tropical storm to a Category 4 hurricane. What does that mean? Amudalat Ajasa, Aaron Steckelberg, and Julie Hoban, reporting for The Washington Post, illustrate the hurricane categories with an animated model that starts peacefully and then suffers through each level.

As a Californian, I’m more familiar with earthquakes and wildfires, so this was helpful.

Helene is still moving through as of this writing, and The Post has a tracker with a projected path.

Here’s the good stuff for September 2024.

Jed Kolko, the former Under Secretary of Commerce for Economic Affairs of the United States, discusses the challenges of estimation and recent immigration numbers from the Census Bureau:

Numerous government agencies estimate the population. Annual Census population estimates guide the allocation of federal spending and also serve as the “population controls” for essential demographic surveys. (This turns out to be a big deal. More on this, below.) These annual estimates help bridge the gap between full-count decennial censuses, and they are revised to reflect new information each year. Other agencies produce population estimates and projections for their own purposes — CBO estimates and forecasts the population as inputs into their outlook for federal spending, revenue, and deficits.

Immigration is an essential part of estimating the size and growth of the population, and the trickiest.

Fourteen years ago, I did a short Q&A with Amstat News, where apparently I talked about why I blog. It feels like a lifetime ago. I was still in school and had only been running this site for a few years. For this month’s data visualization issue, I had the chance to talk about how it’s been going the past decade and a half.

For Financial Times, Sam Learner, Oliver Roeder, and Irene de la Torre Arenas made a game to help you better understand the competition for electoral votes. You get spending units that you can allot to different swing states. The more you spend, the greater the chances of you winning a state.

The fun part: Your spending choices are compared against other FT reader choices. If you spend more on a state than someone else, you win the votes. Get the majority of votes from all states and you win. Then you can see how good or bad your choices are.

The game, from the London-based news outlet, is a way to help people better understand how the Electoral College in the United States works. It works well. The game, that is.

For The Washington Post, Pranshu Verma and Shelly Tan illustrate the scale of energy and water used to generate email with ChatGPT. One email from a GPT-4 language model requires about one bottle of water (for cooling data centers).

You can easily extrapolate that over many emails and many people over months and years. Then there’s the water used to train the models. That’s a lot of water.

Although, if generative email becomes a thing among the masses, what are we even doing?

The New York Times highlights the work of True Price Foundation, a group that estimates the environmental and social costs tied to food production that aren’t included in the price you see at the grocery store. Impact from carbon emissions, water pollution, and poor working conditions find their way into our lives later in the form of climate change, loss of species, and required healthcare.

Any day is a good day for a map of predominant commercial chains. For The Washington Post, Kevin Schaul and Jaclyn Peiser show the most common grocery owners, creating territories within the United States. Albertsons, also the owner of Safeway and Vons, dominates the northwest, and Walmart has its hands just about everywhere, but especially owns a stronghold on the midwest.

On methodology:

Grocery store addresses comes from OpenStreetMap, a community-driven effort to populate maps with location data. The Post pulled locations in the United States identified as supermarkets, as well as Walmart, Sam’s Club, Target and Costco. The map visualizes the influence of the nearest grocery store locations using a k-nearest neighbor analysis that falls off as the distance to a stores increases. Grocery stores with unique names were excluded from this analysis.

There is also a search feature that lets you see the common stores in your county, beyond the leading owner.

For Bloomberg, Elena Mejía and Shawn Donnan use a transitioning cartogram to show how immigration might play a role in the upcoming election:

In the battleground states that will decide this November’s election, about 72% of migrants in 2023 went to Biden counties while less than a third went to Trump counties, the Bloomberg analysis found. Counties that voted for Biden four years ago are home to roughly 60% of the overall US population.

Fathom Information Design, known for client visualization-centric projects, introduced Rowboat. It’s a tool that lets you load large CSV files or Excel spreadsheets quickly in the browser. See summary graphics for each column, filter based on criteria, and quickly explore the dataset.

It’s surprisingly fast for running in the browser. I threw a couple hundred megabytes at it and the view loaded in a few seconds. So I threw in half a gigabyte and it still did fine. The tool did not like a file over a gigabyte. It seemed to really not like files with a lot of columns even though they were relatively small.

So Rowboat is currently focused on a specific set of tasks with a certain type of data, and it works well at that. Most of the tool is free for now, but there a paid tier that lets save data and export reports.

For The Washington Post, Andrew Van Dam and Lenny Bronner analyzed names and political leanings, using a voter file with 212 million registered voters. They break it down by age and geography. You can also search for your own name.

As with most trends related to political leanings, the patterns found in names run closely with demographic shifts, such as a name that grows more common among a race group and less common in another.

For The Pudding, Matthew Daniels extracted all the outdoor basketball courts in the United States via OpenStreetMap satellite imagery. With 59,705 locations along with commenting and liking, it’s a fun experiment in scale for display, filtering, and interaction. Plus, basketball.

Visualization always involves trade-offs between audience, insights, and resources. Sometimes you make the wrong choice.

Nicola Rennie provides five quick tips to improve on default axis scales:

[T]he choice of axes can have a big impact on the clarity of your visualisation, and that relying on the default settings of software isn’t always a good idea. Are there blanket rules about axes that you can apply to every type of visualisation? No. Instead, I’d advocate for having a little bit of common sense and actively thinking about your design choices. Think about the context of what you’re trying to communicate, and whether or not your data visualisation of choice communicates that effectively and honestly.

When I hear “common sense” I’m reminded of when my dad would tell me to use common sense when I did something that didn’t make much sense in retrospect. Whatever I was doing seemed like a good idea at the time. So I’d argue not to use common sense with your axes, but to avoid defaults by default until you develop a better feel for how to communicate with data.

Here’s a fun interactive from NASA Landsat that lets you enter your name to see it spelled with satellite imagery. There are multiple images for each letter, so you get a new combination when you refresh.

I didn’t know NASA put out these kind of projects, but I like it. You can also download the images for specific letters.

Every two years, since 2012, the North American Cartographic Information Society publishes Atlas of Design. It’s a collection of beautiful maps and the process behind each. From series editor Nat Case, on how traditions in cartography can still feel new:

This is one of the magical things about how people depict the world. Even if the point of the depiction is one you’ve seen or heard a thousand times, if you tell it right, a love song or a portrait or an action movie can still take your breath away. And even the maps that look like maps you’ve seen before, when they work right, can do that too. We hear a familiar tune, we see that same old story…and the map is still fresh and glorious, and we just want to dive in and explore it.

Speaking of exploration, there is a riddle at the end of the volume that relies on a clue from each map in the book. I’m nearly certain I’ll never figure it out, but maybe you can. Atlas of Design, the seventh volume, is available for pre-order and comes out next month. You can also purchase previous volumes, which are nice to have on the shelf with their uniform bindings.

It’s easy to look at data and assume truthiness. Numbers! Facts! Concreteness! A lot of the time that’s just not the case.